diagrams or flowcharts that can be drawn in Css Paper

     what kind of diagrams or flowcharts can be 

                        drawn in Css Papers

Diagrams
Papers like geography, EDS, Zoology, Botany and Psychology are considered to be incomplete without diagrams. so better practice diagrams if you want to score well in these subjects. Even diagrams to be drawn in subjects like journalism when you have to elaborate process and channels of communication. In sociology to illustrate central place theory and etc. There are various other examples where we can draw diagrams.

FlowCharts
In Public Admin:- One can make a flow chart to illustrate the hierarchy of Bicameral Legislature/Local Govts

History Papers:- One can make flow charts to illustrate various kings in one Dynasty

Journalism:- I made a Flow Chart to show the Social and Economic impacts of Advertising on Masses.

Sociology:- One can Illustrate class and cast system through out the world.

Difference between Critical Analysis and Conclusion

     Difference between Critical Analysis and 
                           Conclusion

Critical Analysis is basically your own perception of the topic as how do you perceive it. you have to Identifies the significance of the topic that you are writing on, evaluate it strength and weaknesses. Make you own critical judgement and argue it according to the evidences. That's all you have to do while writing a Critical Analysis

Conclusion:- The last paragraph of your essay/answer is known as conclusion. It usually summarizes what occurred, what was good or bad. A conclusion could also be a decision someone made about something.

How Should A Perfect Answer Look Like

    How Should A Perfect Answer Look Like

A Perfect Answer should always be directed to the point. which should include all the necessary details and answer all the questions asked (as normally there are often more then one question) in a question. Apart from this there is a list of ingredients that make an answer perfect and the most important of them all are

• Use Black/Blue markers for heading and sub-headings
• Try and Start your answer with a relevant quote
• Introduction must be strong
• Body should be divided among various heading approx 5- 7 (even more at times, specially in History paper)
• Draw Maps in Pak/Current Affairs, History and Geo papers where you can relate them
• Fact and Figures should not be out dated
• Use flow chart, statistical data and diagrams to make your copy looks beautiful and distinguished.
• Give Remedies where required (specially in CA Paper)
• Give Critical Analysis where required
• End your answer with a strong conclusion and again a quotation at the last

Sindh - The Land of Endless Opportunities

    Sindh - The Land of Endless Opportunities

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Sindh
The Land of Endless Opportunities


The gateway of Islam in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent, Sindh is the second largest province of Pakistan. It is home to the Indus Valley Civilization that is one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world.

Geography
East Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan
West Indus River and Balochistan
North Punjab
South Arabian Sea

Sindh forms the lower Indus basin and lies between 23 to 35 degree and 28-30, north latitude and 66-42 and 71-1 degree east longitude. It is about 579 kms in length from north to south and nearly 442 kms in its extreme breadth (281 kms average). It covers 140,914 square kms and is about as large as England.

The biggest international airport of Pakistan is situated in Karachi and is known as Qaid-e-Azam International Airport.

Districts
There are 27 districts in Sindh. Karachi consists of 5 districts. A list of these districts with their respective areas is as follows:
Total area of Karachi is 1485 sq. Km.
District Thar covering a total area of 19637 sq. km. is the largest district in Sindh.

Did You Know?
Sindh has two gigantic seaports and both are located in Karachi

Natural Resources
Sindh is the richest province in natural resources of gas, petrol and coal. Here is a brief account of Sindh’s natural resources.

Coal
99% coal reserves of Pakistan are in Sindh. These are located in Lakhra, Soondha, Thar, Meeting-Jhampeer and Badin. Among these, Thar coal reserves are the largest in the world. Thar region is endowed with mammoth coal (lignite) reserves estimated to be 175 billion tonnes which can produce 100,000MW of electricity for next 300 years and can be a key to energy security and economic prosperity. Major coalfields in Sindh are:

Thar Coalfield 
Total Area 9,100 sq. Km
Coal Reserves 175b tonnes
Badin Coalfield
Total Area 1,110 sq. km
Coal Reserves 1.36b tonnes
Sonda Coalfield
Total Area 1,822 sq. km
Coal Reserves 7.11b tonnes
Lakhra Coalfield
Total Area 1,309 sq. km
Coal Reserves 1.33b tonnes

(Source: Sindh Coal Authority)

Did You Know?
If all the oil reserves of Saudi Arabia & Iran are put together, these are approximately 375 billion barrels, but a single Thar coal reserve of Sindh is about 850 Trillion Cubic Feet, Which is more than oil reserves of Saudi Arabia & Iran.

Natural Gas
Sindh produces 71% of natural gas of Pakistan. There are 10 gasfields in Sindh from where natural gas is extracted. These are: Kandhkoat, Khairpur, Mari (The largest gasfield where 20% gas is stored and 18% gas is produced/used), Suri/Hundi, Golarchi, Khaskheli and Leghari.

Note:
The Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL) daily extracts nearly 986 MMCF of natural gas, 368 tonnes of LPG and 71 tonnes of sulphur.
On 18th September, 2012, Italian energy major ENI discovered a major reserve of between 300 billion and 400 billion cubic feet of gas some 350 kilometres north of Karachi in Pakistan.

On October 27, 2012, OGDCL announced the discovery of 400 billion cubic feet from Bhadra Gas Field situated in Dadu district of Sindh.

Crude Oil/Petrol
Sindh produces 62% of the total oil production of Pakistan.

Major Oilfields of Sindh
Tando Alam, Lashari, Thora, Sono, Missan, Pasakhi and Kunnar

Politics
Karachi is the capital of Sindh. Provincial Assembly of the province is based in Karachi while Sindh Public Service Commission is headquartered at Hyderabad. The provincial Assembly consists of 168 members including 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats for Non-Muslims.

The foundation stone of the building was laid by Sir Lancelot Graham, the Governor of Sindh, on 11 March 1940. The construction of the building – declared open by Sir Hugh Dow, the Governor of Sindh, on 4 March 1942 – was completed within a span of two years.

In 1971, after a lapse of about 24 years, it was again declared as the Sindh Assembly building. Since then it has been used as such.

Important
Khan Bahadur Muhammed Ayub Khoro is the only person in the history of Sindh since 1947 who has served thrice as the Chief Minister of the province.
Mr. Mahmood A. Haroon has been the Governor of Sindh for two terms.

Did You Know?
The 30th Governor of Sindh, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan, took up the post on December 27, 2002, becoming the youngest governor to hold the office. He now holds also the record of longest-serving Governor of any province of Pakistan since its inception in 1947.

Culture
The culture of Sindh has its roots in the Indus Valley Civilization.

• Poets
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai and Sachal Sarmast are the two most revered sufi poets of Sindh. Some famous regional poets are Shaikh Ayaz, Ustaad Bhukhari, Ahmed Khan Madhoosh, Adal Soomro, Ayaz Gul, Abdul Ghaffar Tabasum, G.N.Qureshi, Rukhsana Preet, Waseem Soomro.
• Folktales
Famous folktales of Sindh include Sassuee Punhoon, Moomal Rano, Umar Marvi, Noori Jaam Tamachi, Suhni Mehar and Sorath - Rai - Diyach Leela Chanesar.
• Language
Besides Urdu, Sindhi with its dialects Kutchi, Lasi, Parkari, Memoni, Lari, Vicholi, Utradi, Macharia, Dukslinu (spoken by Hindu Sindhis) and Siraiki are two main languages.
• Sports
The most famous regional sports include Malakhiro, Wanjh Wati, Kodi Kodi, Beelarhoo, Thipai Rand, Notinn and Biloor.
• Music
Famous Sindhi singers include the great Abida Parveen, Ustad Muhammad Juman, Ustad Manzoor Ali Khan, Zarina Baloch, Shaman Ali Meerali, Mai Bhaghi, Allan Faqir, Sohrab Fakir and many other singers who prefer singing Sindhi songs.

Pakistan's Prime Ministers born in Sindh
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Muhammad Khan Junejo, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Shaukat Aziz, Muhammad Mian Soomro and Raja Pervaiz Ashraf were born in Sindh.

Places to Visit
Moenjodaro, Kot Diji Fort, Gorakh Hill, Runnikot Fort, Naukot Fort, Thatta and Makli Graveyard, Banbhore, Keenjhar Lake, Hyderabad Fort (Pakko Qilo), Haleji Lake,

Did You Know?
1.The Gorakh hill station is 5,866 feet above sea level and is part of the Khirthar mountain range. With pleasant weather and a beautiful landscape, it is the only place in Sindh where it snows in winter.

2. Makli Graveyard is one of the largest necropolises in the world, with a diameter of approximately 8 kilometers, Makli Hill is supposed to be the burial place of some 125,000 Sufi saints.

Twin Cities
Karachi
Port Louis, Mauritius since 1 May 2007
Shanghai, China since 15 February 1984
Puttalam, Sri Lanka November 2012
Hong Kong
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Istanbul, Turkey
Beirut, Lebanon
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Izmir, Turkey, since 1985
Houston, United States since 8 May 2008
Manama, Bahrain
Pristina, Kosovo since 24 July 2008
Dubai, U.A.E
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1 June 2008
Moscow, Russia 28 August 2011
Mashad, Iran, 11 May 2012
Chicago, USA

Sindh & Pakistan Movement
• Sindh was an important centre of activities during the Khilafat Movement. The Hijrat Tehrik also started in Sindh
• Under the Government of India Act of 1935, Sindh was made a province with its own Legislative Assembly on April 1, 1936.
• The Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference held its first session at Karachi in October 1938 under the presidentship of Quaid-i-Azam.
• A Muslim League Assembly party was established in Sindh ,of which Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah was elected leader and Mir Bandeh Ali Talpur deputy leader.
• It was only the Sindh Assembly, amongst all the provinces of undivided India, which passed a resolution on March 3, 1943, presented by the late G.M. Syed on the lines of the Lahore Resolution, in support of Pakistan.
• On June 26, 1947 the Sindh Assembly, at a special session, decided to join the new Pakistan Constituent Assembly. Thus, Sindh became the first province to opt for Pakistan.

Islands in Sindh
Churna: The second-largest island of Pakistan
Manora: A tiny peninsula located south of the port of Karachi Others
Baba Bhit Island, Buddo Island, Bundal Island, Khiprianwala Island, Shams Pir and Clifton Oyster Rocks - small islets

Lakes in Sindh
Drigh Lake Qambar Shahdadkot
Hadero Lake Thatta
Haleji Lake Thatta
Hamal Lake Qamber Shahdadkot
Keenjhar Lake Thatta
Manchar Lake Dadu

Artificial Lakes and Reservoirs
Chotiari Lake Sanghar District
Hub Lake Karachi and Lasbela District on Sindh and Balochistan border

Famous Shrines 
Syed Qutub Ali Shah: Tando Jahania, Hyderabad

Abdul Wahab Faruqi (Sachal Sarmast): Khairpur

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai: Bhit Shah, Matiari

Syed Usman Marwandi (Lal Shahbaz Qalandar): Sehwan

Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi: Karachi

Sakhi Sultan: Mangho Pir, Karachi

Qutbe-Alam Shah Bukhari: Karachi

Abdullah Shah As'habi: Thatta

Some Random Facts
Indus, the largest river of Pakistan, originates from Tibetan Plateau and after covering the total distance of 3180 kilometres, it falls into the Arabian Sea near Thatta in Sindh.

Blind River Dolphin, also called Indus Susu, found in the Indus River is one of four river dolphin species and subspecies in the world that spend all their lives in freshwater.

Sir Cowasji Jehangir Institute of Psychiatry Mental Hospital, commonly known as Gidu Bander, is the biggest mental hospital in Pakistan.

The territory of Sindh was annexed to the Bombay Presidency in 1843.

Pir Sibghatullah Shah Rashdi, Pir Pagara, launched a militant revolt known as "Hur Movement" against the British Raj.


Muhammad Usman Butt
Source Jehangir Times Magazine

Study Plan Combine Competitive Exam 2013/14 - SPSC

Study Plan Combine Competitive Exam 2013/14

English Essay:-

• Do a lot of writing practice
• Get your written work checked by a good English teacher
• Learn basic grammar from a teacher instead of using a book and trying to Learn it your self
• focus on current issue and happenings
• Read dawn and Tribune News paper on daily basis
• Keep your self up to date regarding latest happenings
• Important Fact and Figures should at your finger tips
• Go through Economic Survey of Pakistan 2012/13 Edition

Follow Essay Writing Rules
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compu...y-writing.html

Here you can find the important and most expected topic for English Essay
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compu...ss-2014-a.html

English Grammar

• Learn basic grammar from a teacher instead of using a book and trying to Learn it your self
• Focus on Tenses, parts of speech, Narrations and corrections
• Do a lot of Precis Writing (Dhillon's Book for Precise is a good one)
• Work on your Expansion and Comprehension
• Try and Solve at least 10years Past years Papers (PCS and CSS)
• Memories vocabulary:- Idioms, pair of words, one word substitutions

General Knowledge 

Its often the most toughest paper in PCS. one must be well versed with history, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, Science Subjects along with sound knowledge of Sindh to score well in this subject.

For important topics on Current Affairs 
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compu...ss-2014-a.html

Pak Affairs
Divide the subject in various parts 

• Ancient Time:- 324 B.c to 712 AD (Alexander invasion of India, Gupta Dynasty, Vedic Period)
• Muslim Rule :- 712-1526 AD (Ghanzi, Ghouri, Dehli Sultanate)
• Mughal Era:- 1526-1857 AD
• 1857-1905:- British Rule and Role of Sir Syed
• 1905-1947:- Formation of AIML till independence
• 1947-1971:- (Constitutional Phase and Separation of East Pakistan)
• 1971- till date (Martial Laws, Islamization to Current Issues and Problems of Pakistan)

Note:- Candidates must not go in details and try to memorize important events and issue in these Era's. As normally there are a lot of questions asked from this portion

Every Day Science 

it's such a lengthy syllabus that one can really go through the entire subjects of Biology, Geography or Chemistry. Therefore one should focus and try to solve more and more MCQ's in order to score well

But still here are a few Important Topics

• -Muslim Scientist
• -Scientist and Inventions
• -Abbreviations
• -Differentiation
• -Worl Shortest/lonest/tallest/biggest/smallest

General Knowledge Pertaining to Sindh

One should make their own notes with the help of internet and various books for following topics

Geography
Districts
Natural Resources
Coal
Natural Gas
Crude Oil/Petrol
Major Oilfields of Sindh
Politics
Culture
Poets

• Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
• Sachal Sarmast
• Shaikh Ayaz
• Ustaad Bhukhari,

Folktales

• Sassuee Punhoon,
• Moomal Rano,
• Umar Marvi,
• Noori Jaam Tamachi,
• Suhni Mehar Sorath - Rai - Diyach Leela Chanesar.

Language
Pakistan's Prime Ministers born in Sindh

• Zulfikar Ali Bhutto,
• Muhammad Khan Junejo,
• Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto,
• Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Shaukat Aziz,
• Muhammad Mian Soomro and
• Raja Pervaiz Ashraf were born in Sindh.

Islands in Sindh
Lakes in Sindh
Artificial Lakes and Reservoirs
Famous Shrines

Present Problems of the Muslim World

     Present Problems of the Muslim World

Within two centuries of the emergence of Islam, Muslims were dominating the world in all respects. At the dawn of the 9th century, Arabia, Central Asia, Africa, Persia and many parts of the Byzantine and Roman Empires were under the Muslim rule.

Muslims, on one hand, were conquering the lands in North Africa, especially Spain, and on the other, they were knocking at the doors of France in Europe. This glorious period of expansion and consolidation continued till the 13th century. Although Mongols/Tatars caused irreparable loss to the Muslims in 13th century, their descendents, in later centuries, embraced Islam and played a significant role in establishing Muslim dynasties in Asia.

GLORY TURNED INTO MISERYThe 15th and the 16th centuries mark the Dark Ages in the Christian world as they were plunged into darkness. At that time, the clergymen were openly issuing certificates to paradise. On the contrary, during this period, Muslims were leading in all fields of education and science. 

But, in the 17th century, when Europe entered the Age of Enlightenment, Muslims were falling into darkness. It is worth mentioning here that till the end of 17th century, the works of Muslim scientists like Al-Razi, Al-Khwarzimi, Jabir bin Hayyan, Al-Batani, Avicenna, and philosophers like Al-Farabi and Al-Kindi were taught as textbooks in the universities across Europe.

Dawn of the 18th century saw the real decline of Muslims and emergence of a new Western civilization that is hitherto in progress. From 19th century onward, the Western civilization has been consistently damaging the Islamic spiritual, cultural and intellectual roots with their educational uplift, scientific progress, industrial development, technological advancement and political dominance. 

MUSLIMS' SUBJUGATION
The West has subjugated Muslims politically and has exploited them economically. After the World War I, the Muslim world was deliberately humiliated in the name of Mandate System. Moreover, same swaggering treatment was meted out to them after the World War II in form of colonization. Even at present, the Muslims are the victims of malice and prejudice of the West. Under the pretext of the so-called War against Terror, firstly they were killed in Afghanistan, and then in Iraq under the garb of dismantling Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) which were, ironically, never found. 

Muslims are being brutally annihilated in Pakistan and Yemen in intermittent drone strikes in sheer violation of International Law and sovereignty of the independent states. Nevertheless, despite all these odds, the Muslims have maintained their identity. 

PROBLEMS AND WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THEM?
There is no denying the fact that the Muslims are subject to serious agonies and troubles but it's not correct to blame only others for our problems and the existing pathetic state of affairs. Most of our problems are due to our own flaws and, as Aristotle puts it, 'hamartia'. 
Presently the Muslims are entangled in the web of following problems:

1. Illiteracy
Illiteracy and the backwardness in which it ensues make the biggest problem the Muslims are confronting nowadays for which we ourselves are responsible. In most Muslim states, literacy rate is pitiable. For example, in Pakistan, literacy rate nears 60% in sharp contrast to the Western countries where it is more than 95%. It's quite disconcerting that though we call ourselves the followers of Islam, yet we are having such a miserable standard of education. We have probably forgotten that Islam makes it obligatory upon Muslim men and women to seek knowledge. The revelation of the Holy Quran started with the very word “Read”. 
Islam declares the literate people as those having eyesight and the illiterate as those who are blind. There are some dogmatic views on education held by some short-sighted, bigoted elements within Muslim community who consider that the Muslims can acquire religious education only and they must eschew modern education. This absurd idea is against the spirit and essence of Islam which directs on striving for success in this world as well as in the hereafter; a far cry without modern education. 

In this regard, Allah Almighty commands the Muslims in verse 201 of Surah Al-Baqarah (the Cow) to beseech in this manner: 

“Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and defend us from the torment on the fire!”

Every Muslim recites this verse in five prayers he is to offer on daily basis. Importance which Islam lays on education can be ascertained from the fact that in the Battle of Badr, 72 infidels were made prisoners of war (POWs) by the triumphant Muslim Army. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) set the condition for their release that a literate PoW could secure freedom by teaching ten Muslims. But, if this view of religion of only religious education were correct, non-Muslims should not have been allowed to impart religious education to the Muslims. There are examples where many of Prophet's companions (RA) learnt foreign languages in order to conduct diplomacy with foreign countries. Similarly, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, “Seek knowledge even if it is far as China.” 
But in clear negation of the Islamic teachings, the Muslims lack due attention on education, hence they lag far behind the West in all fields of development. Former US President James Madison said, “Knowledge will forever rule ignorance”. The present plight of Muslims bears testimony to this statement.

OVERPOPULATION
The second most important problem that we face is the high population growth rate. The population of Islamic countries is increasing at alarming rates and the lack of proper management to ward off its negative effects is solely lacking, thus, making it a burden on resources of Muslim World which are already depleting fast. In developed countries, annual population growth rate is less than 1% whereas in Islamic states—like Afghanistan and Pakistan—it's more than 2%. Resultantly, poor parents remain unable to provide good education and sustenance to their children. Islam does not disapprove family planning if it is with mutual consent of marital partners. Even during the time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), some companions used to practice coitus interruptus (Azal), a common practice of Family Planning at that time. Islam emphasizes on breastfeeding the infants, which is a natural method for pregnancy spacing. The pace of development and status of wellbeing of people is much higher in Muslim countries where population growth rate has been controlled such as Turkey, Indonesia, and Malaysia, than that of those states where population growth rate is higher. So the Muslim world must prioritize the quality and not quantity of population.

DISUNITY 
The third biggest problem which the Muslims face today is disunity and rupture among the Muslims, for which again we ourselves are responsible. On one hand, several Muslim states are at loggerhead with each other, while on the other, the Muslim population is mired in sectarianism, linguistic and racial prejudices. This sectarian strife has consumed lives of thousands of Muslims and has tarnished the image of Islam. Due to this unpleasant state of affairs, Muslim states do not have a united voice on international forums and none among 57 Islamic countries is a permanent member in UN Security Council. This course of action is contradictory to Islamic teachings which profess the establishment of a universal Muslim brotherhood irrespective of race, creed, colour and language. 
Allah Almighty says in verse No. 10 of Surah Hujraat (the Dwellings):

“The believers are but a single Brotherhood. So make reconciliation between your brothers, and fear Allah that you may receive mercy”. 

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, “Muslims are like a human body, when there is a pain in any part of the body, the whole body suffers”. 

DISCRIMINATION 
The fourth major problem is the double standards and the discriminatory attitude of West and international organizations dominated by them. The internal strife of Muslims is responsible for this fiasco. The West always remains lacklustre in resolving issues involving Muslims such as Palestine, Cyprus, Kashmir. 

For instance, an independent state for Christian majority, South Sudan, was established within days of violent clashes between Muslims and Christians in Sudan whereas in 1992 peace in Bosnia was restored after countless Muslims were butchered and women raped. Similarly, the West has turned a deaf ear to the miseries and agonies of Muslims in Palestine and Kashmir. In Palestine, Jewish state Israel, an illegitimate son of the US and the West, grabbed the lands of Arabs by force in furtherance of Balfour Declaration of 1917. Undoubtedly, all the inhumane acts of Israel are blessed by the US and the West. The recent coup in Egypt and West's response to it, exposes these double standards sufficiently. 

NOT FOLLOWING ISLAM 
The fifth problem is that we have forgotten the golden principles of Islam. This resulted in rise in social vices in the Islamic world. For example, many Islamic states are on the list of the most corrupt countries. We prefer wealth, political influence and luxurious life over simple lives in consonance with the teachings of Islam. 

If the Muslims have to regain their lost glory, then they must have to strive for resolving these problems through adherence to the golden principles of Islam.

__________________

How Pakistan can reduce foreign debt

How Pakistan can reduce foreign debt? Suggest mechanism in Pakistan economy to handle external perspective of Pakistan economy. (CSS-2011)

Introduction

Overview and Comparison:-

Pak Total Debts: $130 Billion 
USA Total Debts: $15 Trillion
China Total Debts: $1.3 Trillion
Pak External Debts: 67 Billion

Printing of Currency in Pakistan

Rs: 1.5 to 3 Billion/day
This much amount of printing leads to Inflation
Pak recent Inflation rate Almost 10.9%
Inflation in other countries: Zimbabwe worst effected
100 Billion Zimbabwe Dollars can buy only 3 eggs.

Remedies to Reduce Foreign Debts:

1. Tax Reforms
2. Rapid Economic Growth (i.e. 6% in 2008 and 2.4% GDP growth rate in 2012)
3. Foreign Investments
4. Promote Economist & Research Scholars
5. Eradicating Corruption

Mechanism to Handle External Perspectives of Pak Economy

1. Reduce Govt Expenditure
2. Stable basis for Growth
3. Getting of Roller Coster Economy
4. Reduce Balance of Payments
5. Promote Export
6. Reduce Imports
7. Expanding Trade Basis
8. Implementation of RGST
9. Proper Collection and Utilization of Public Finance
10. Promote Free Trade with Neighbors
11. Encourage FDI's
12. Foresightedness in Policy Making